- C++ Basics
- C++ Object Oriented
Click the “File Paths” tab and use “Browse” to select folders that you need to exclude from Avast. To exclude a website, click the “URLs” tab and enter the URL of the website into the field labeled “Enter Address.” To prevent an application from getting flagged by Avast’s DeepScreen and Hardened Mode security modules. Jul 16, 2015 Avast FileShield removes the uTorrent.exe file. This happened twice on my computer, so I thought Id let you all know. The solution is to add the uTorrent folder to the list of exceptions. Avast creates default firewall rules the first time an application or process is started. You can manage rules for when any particular application connects with the Internet or with another network. Jan 22, 2018 Enabling the ‘Add exceptions’ feature is really simple: Click the Avira umbrella icon on the right side of the task bar. Your Antivirus product will open. Click the cogwheel in the bottom left corner of your Antivirus product. The configuration menu will open. Select PC Protection Real-Time Protection Exceptions.
- C++ Advanced
- C++ Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. A C++ exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an attempt to divide by zero.
Exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another. C++ exception handling is built upon three keywords: try, catch, and throw.
- throw − A program throws an exception when a problem shows up. This is done using a throw keyword.
- catch − A program catches an exception with an exception handler at the place in a program where you want to handle the problem. The catch keyword indicates the catching of an exception.
- try − A try block identifies a block of code for which particular exceptions will be activated. It's followed by one or more catch blocks.
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Assuming a block will raise an exception, a method catches an exception using a combination of the try and catch keywords. A try/catch block is placed around the code that might generate an exception. Code within a try/catch block is referred to as protected code, and the syntax for using try/catch as follows −
You can list down multiple catch statements to catch different type of exceptions in case your try block raises more than one exception in different situations.
Throwing Exceptions
Exceptions can be thrown anywhere within a code block using throw statement. The operand of the throw statement determines a type for the exception and can be any expression and the type of the result of the expression determines the type of exception thrown.
Following is an example of throwing an exception when dividing by zero condition occurs −
Catching Exceptions
The catch block following the try block catches any exception. You can specify what type of exception you want to catch and this is determined by the exception declaration that appears in parentheses following the keyword catch.
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Above code will catch an exception of ExceptionName type. If you want to specify that a catch block should handle any type of exception that is thrown in a try block, you must put an ellipsis, ..., between the parentheses enclosing the exception declaration as follows −
The following is an example, which throws a division by zero exception and we catch it in catch block.
Because we are raising an exception of type const char*, so while catching this exception, we have to use const char* in catch block. If we compile and run above code, this would produce the following result −
C++ Standard Exceptions
C++ provides a list of standard exceptions defined in <exception> which we can use in our programs. These are arranged in a parent-child class hierarchy shown below −
Here is the small description of each exception mentioned in the above hierarchy −
Sr.No | Exception & Description |
---|---|
1 | std::exception An exception and parent class of all the standard C++ exceptions. |
2 | std::bad_alloc This can be thrown by new. |
3 | std::bad_cast This can be thrown by dynamic_cast. |
4 | std::bad_exception This is useful device to handle unexpected exceptions in a C++ program. |
5 | std::bad_typeid This can be thrown by typeid. |
6 | std::logic_error An exception that theoretically can be detected by reading the code. |
7 | std::domain_error This is an exception thrown when a mathematically invalid domain is used. |
8 | std::invalid_argument This is thrown due to invalid arguments. |
9 | std::length_error This is thrown when a too big std::string is created. |
10 | std::out_of_range This can be thrown by the 'at' method, for example a std::vector and std::bitset<>::operator[](). |
11 | std::runtime_error An exception that theoretically cannot be detected by reading the code. |
12 | std::overflow_error This is thrown if a mathematical overflow occurs. |
13 | std::range_error This is occurred when you try to store a value which is out of range. |
14 | std::underflow_error This is thrown if a mathematical underflow occurs. |
Define New Exceptions
You can define your own exceptions by inheriting and overriding exception class functionality. Following is the example, which shows how you can use std::exception class to implement your own exception in standard way −
This would produce the following result −
Here, what() is a public method provided by exception class and it has been overridden by all the child exception classes. This returns the cause of an exception.